Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series

Condensation Check on the Inner Surface of the External Walls of Frame Buildings Made of Thermoblocks

2025-06-30T06:41:18+00:00

This article addresses the issue of improving the energy efficiency of frame buildings through the use of thermoblocks as external wall infill. Thermoblocks are modern wall materials characterized by high thermal insulation properties, environmental safety, durability, and ease of installation. The study considers thermoblock constructions based on fine-grained concrete and basalt thermal insulation boards. Their thermal protection characteristics, strength, and impact on the overall energy efficiency of buildings are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the reduction of heat loss through enclosing structures, which allows for a significant decrease in heating costs. The compliance of the constructions with current building codes and standards in the field of thermal protection is also examined. The results obtained can be applied in the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings for various purposes, as well as in the selection of optimal structural solutions for enclosing elements.

High-speed data encryption and geoinformation system for monitoring forest fires for low-orbit aircraft

2025-06-04T03:40:35+00:00

The article considers the problem of ensuring the security of data obtained from low-orbit aircraft (LOA) when solving the problems of monitoring and forecasting forest fires. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing volume of Earth remote sensing (ERS) data obtained from LOA and the need for their prompt processing and protection from unauthorized access. An integrated approach is proposed, including the development of a high-speed data encryption system adapted to the limited computing resources of LOA and the creation of a geographic information system (GIS) for analyzing and interpreting ERS data. The GIS is equipped with modules for intelligent processing of aerospace images, allowing automatic detection of fire sources, modeling the dynamics of fire spread and assessing the affected area. Particular attention is paid to the integration of the encryption system with GIS to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data at all stages of their transmission and processing. The article presents the results of experimental verification of the proposed solutions, demonstrating their effectiveness and practical significance for forest fire monitoring.

Modern trends in the development of cement production

2025-04-28T07:53:55+00:00

The modern trends in the development of cement process technologies include: high individual production line capacity reaching 12.000 tons of clinker per day, informatization, digitalization of production management, intellectualization of cement equipment operations, the use of artificial intelligence, widespread use of industrial waste, alternative fuels, energy-saving production processes, and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

The paper examines the possibilities of using industrial waste as raw materials for producing low-temperature clinkers and mineral additives in composite cements in order to reduce CO2 emissions.

Low-energy compositions of raw mixtures for clinker production have been developed, which include coal mining waste, lead slag, tephrite-basalt, and clinker from the agglomeration of zinc ores. In these raw mixtures, waste replaces up to 20-25% of natural raw materials, allows clinker formation to complete at 1300–1350°C, increases kiln productivity, and reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by 15-20%. Burnt clay shales from the Betpakdala and Kuyuk deposits were studied as active mineral additives in composite cements to reduce the clinker component, reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and improve the environmental situation. The processes of shale burning were studied, and the activity of mineral additives was determined depending on the heat treatment temperature. Composite cements with active mineral additives of up to 15% by weight were obtained.

Increase of physical and mechanical parameters of arbolite-concrete composites by deep impregnation with liquid sulfur

2025-06-08T11:37:57+00:00

The article deals with the influence of molten liquid sulfur on the physical and mechanical properties of porous arbolite concrete composites. For the manufacture of arbolite-concrete composites we used porous waste corn cob crushed with sizes from 10 to 40 mm. To compare the results of research we also adopted more dense waste vegetation crushed walnut shells with sizes from 10 to 20mm.To conduct the study adopted the method of complete impregnation of arbolitobetonnyh samples liquid molten sulfur. As impregnation, material used sulfur - waste oil production in Kazakhstan. The results of the study found that with an increase in the composition of arbolite concrete composites content of cellulose organic aggregates, there is a significant increase in compressive strength and average density of lightweight concrete depending on the duration of impregnation. We have revealed that physical and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of impregnated arbolite concrete samples are very high and these data prove that they can be recommended for use in underground and engineering structures.

Machining of grey cast iron on CNC machines: problems, mathematical modeling

2025-06-08T19:23:07+00:00

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical machining of gray cast iron (grade SCH20) on CNC lathes, focusing on surface roughness, microstructural changes, and optimization of technological parameters. The research involved the use of modern measurement tools to evaluate surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (HV), and characteristics of graphite inclusions in the material's structure. The experiments revealed that increasing the cutting speed to 3000 rpm results in the formation of a cementite white zone in the cutting area, enhancing the surface hardness to 261.5 HV and improving wear resistance. In contrast, lower cutting speeds preserve the ferrite-pearlite structure with minimal changes to the graphite inclusions. Mathematical modeling, performed through regression analysis, identified key technological factors influencing surface roughness and microstructure. The number of graphite inclusions (Ng) was found to be the most significant factor, as confirmed by the Pareto chart. The developed mathematical model enables the prediction of surface roughness based on machining parameters and optimizes the machining process. The results demonstrate the possibility of purposefully controlling the microstructure and material properties during the machining of gray cast iron to produce surfaces with increased hardness and wear resistance. This is particularly relevant for manufacturing components operating under intense friction and heavy loads, such as gears and shafts. The proposed methods offer a cost-effective alternative to heat treatment while improving the quality of finished products.

Investigation of the stress-strain state of surfaces during mechanical processing

2025-06-07T19:06:52+00:00

Mechanical processing of materials is a complex process in which various stresses and deformations occur, which have a significant impact on the stress-strain state (SSS) of the surfaces of the machined parts. In this paper, the stress-strain state (SSS) of surfaces obtained as a result of mechanical processing is investigated using the SolidWorks program. Modeling in this program allows you to take into account the influence of factors such as cutting depth, cutting speed and tool characteristics. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the stress and strain distribution on the surface of materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium. Using the finite element method (FEM), a number of data were obtained that make it possible to predict critical zones and improve the quality of processing. Using the SolidWorks program in the process of writing this article provides significant opportunities for optimizing technological processes. Based on the data obtained and the results of the conducted research, several methods of stress-strain control have been proposed to improve the quality of the treated surfaces and increase the productivity of the product. The results obtained in the article confirm the effectiveness of the finite element method for optimizing the technological processes of mechanical processing.

Possibilities of using electric trucks in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2025-02-10T15:43:18+00:00

This study examines the possibility of using electric trucks in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that a significant increase in interest in electric vehicles and environmental friendliness of transport necessitates the search for alternative energy sources for trucks. Electric trucks are one of the promising options for replacing traditional trucks powered by gasoline or diesel in Kazakhstan. The main advantage of electric trucks lies in low operating costs and the absence of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which improves air quality and contributes to the environmental sustainability of cities. The subject of this study is aspects of the introduction of electric trucks in Kazakhstan, as well as charging infrastructure, logistics problems and government support opportunities. The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using electric trucks in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the activities of transport companies was carried out, as well as a comparative analysis of freight transport with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The methodological basis of this study is logical and structural analyses. In the course of the work, a system-structural analysis based on general theoretical, statistical, and scientific sources was used. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of electric trucks is beneficial both for transport companies and for the environment, but an insufficiently developed transport infrastructure hinders the use of ecological transport.

Model of urban development of the city of Astana in the first half of the ХХ century

2025-02-11T01:13:02+00:00

This article provides a retrospective analysis of the formation of the linear system of population settlement, historical development and application of this concept in the cities of the Soviet era, which subsequently influenced the urban planning aspects of modern settlements. The paper considers the key tendencies of population settlement along the main transport corridors, near large industrial enterprises, as well as their influence on the features of urban planning structures. The basic concepts of linear settlements developed by the Spanish engineer Arturo Soria y Mata and Walter Gropius, as well as the implementation of socialist cities in the Soviet Union are studied. The study of examples of cities such as Magnitogorsk and their development within the framework of the ‘new settlement’ model allowed us to analyse and investigate the changes in relation to the planning concept of the city of Astana, the transition from a linear structure to a more comprehensive one, reflecting the transformation of socio-economic conditions. As a result of the discussion, the article reveals both positive and negative aspects of linear settlement of the population, with emphasis on its limitations, dependence on production facilities and political decisions, as well as the need to form flexible tools in modern urban realities. The formed linear settlement system formed the basis of urban development of Astana city and was reflected in the first general plan of the settlement, with the need for adaptation and transformation in the modern context.

Modern principles of forming the architecture of a comfortable living environment

2025-03-17T10:35:06+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the architectural environment on the psychological and emotional state of both individuals and society as a whole. The negative consequences of mass construction of the same type, leading to a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in social tension, are considered. The article reveals the mechanisms of influence of various architectural styles on the perception of the surrounding space, including their influence on mood, behavior, and even physical well-being. Special attention is paid to the importance of green spaces and parks in the urban environment, which contribute to improving the emotional climate, reducing stress levels and increasing social cohesion. The role of color, light, shapes and compositional parameters in architecture, which "program" the perception of space and are able to evoke certain emotional and behavioral reactions in people, is also discussed. The article analyzes the research of famous architects and scientists on the impact of urban development on people. It emphasizes the need to take into account the impact of psychological aspects in the design of the urban environment and the analysis of existing urban spaces, which simultaneously realize functional tasks, embody aesthetic attractiveness with the necessary level of comfort, thereby improving the quality of life of the population. The article analyzes the methodology of designing an environment aimed at creating harmonious spaces that improve the quality of life and the psycho-emotional state of people.

An overview of existing designs for belt bucket elevators

2025-02-19T03:21:54+00:00

Currently, bucket elevators are widely used in various industries and are used for vertical transportation of bulk materials such as cement, earth, sand, peat, coal, grain, flour, chemical materials, other small, pulverized, lumpy materials, as well as harmful, dangerous, bulk materials. One of the main requirements for these devices is their high operational reliability, transportation efficiency, and environmental protection from harmful materials and dust. Bucket elevators are an important element of transportation and technological systems widely used in various industries for the movement of bulk materials. The paper examines the works of leading scientists from both near and far abroad, as well as research in this field. The existing designs of belt bucket elevators operated by domestic organizations are considered, the main elements of bucket elevators collected from various information sources (articles, abstracts, and other works) are also presented, their advantages and disadvantages in practical application are analyzed. The main malfunctions of bucket elevators have been identified, which are systematized by node failures, as well as ways to solve them.

Dispatching the working parts of gardening and landscape construction machines and ensuring their rapid replacement

2025-05-30T05:49:14+00:00

The article examines the dispatching of machines of urban utilities, including shift workers, planning work taking into account seasonality, technological sequence, volume and remoteness of facilities. The modular design of the machines and intermodular fasteners ensure a quick and safe change of equipment, adapting the equipment to specific tasks. Automation of operational management, especially with the modular organization of machines, makes it possible to effectively solve a variety of tasks. The key areas of dispatching, including equipment and personnel management, are identified, as well as modern operational management systems for optimizing production processes. Criteria for the selection of software for dispatching are proposed, as well as specific data on the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed solutions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of adapted management algorithms for utilities that take into account the seasonality and variety of tasks performed.

Review of Serial, Parallel, and Hybrid Manipulators: Functional Capabilities and Limitations

2025-04-17T10:01:19+00:00

Manipulators are essential devices widely used in industry, medicine, mechanical engineering, and robotics. In modern production processes, automation is a key factor in increasing efficiency, reducing human labor, and minimizing costs. However, despite the rapid advancement of technology, selecting a suitable manipulator remains a complex task. The choice of a manipulator depends on various factors, including structural rigidity, the number of degrees of freedom, load capacity, and working area. The main objective of this study is to compare the structural differences between serial, parallel, and hybrid manipulators, analyze their functional capabilities and limitations, and systematize the selection criteria. A systematic review method was applied, and data were collected from scientific literature, peer-reviewed articles, and manufacturers' technical documentation. Using Grübler’s formula, the degrees of freedom of the manipulators were calculated, and their motion capabilities and kinematic parameters were evaluated. This research contributes to improving the kinematic characteristics of manipulators, enhancing their adaptability to real production conditions, and systematizing selection methods. The practical significance of the study lies in developing recommendations aimed at optimizing and selecting efficient manipulators for applications in industry, medicine, and robotics.

The semiotics of ornamental facades in residential microdistricts of Аlmaty

2025-06-06T14:56:23+00:00

This research is dedicated to the semiotic analysis of the meanings embedded in the architecture of residential buildings, viewed as sign systems within the urban space. The aim is to identify the role of ornamentation on the facades of residential buildings in Almaty's microdistricts in constructing identity (cultural, local, collective) and shaping urban memory through semiotic analysis. The work deepens the understanding of architectural semiotics using a regional example (the city of Almaty) and argues for the preservation of these developments as carriers of identity and memory, which constitutes its scientific and practical significance. The methodology is based on a semiotic approach, involving the analysis of ornamental elements as signs (iconic, indexical, symbolic) within a cultural-historical context, based on visual examples. Characteristic types of ornamentation from the 1960s-80s in Almaty have been identified. The analysis revealed multi-layered meanings associated with the era and culture. Ornamentation plays a key role in constructing identity and maintaining the urban memory of microdistrict residents. The value lies in applying semiotics to the architecture of Almaty, demonstrating the role of decor in typical developments as a carrier of meanings and codes from the Soviet period. The practical results justify the preservation of ornamentation as an element of heritage and identity, useful for urban planners and architects.

Monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes in flooding through remote sensing

2025-06-02T09:38:15+00:00

Remote sensing (RS) is currently one of the most modern and effective technologies widely used for monitoring the dynamics of natural disasters, including complex and rapidly changing phenomena such as floods. This method allows for the observation of changes on the Earth's surface across various spectral ranges, as well as in spatial and temporal dimensions, enabling comprehensive and accurate assessment of the impact of both natural and anthropogenic factors on the environment. Using remote sensing data, specialists can map the development process of a flood and systematically carry out forecasting and assessment of the disaster’s consequences. In this study, the dynamics of water bodies in the area of the city of Kulsary were investigated based on multispectral imagery obtained from the Landsat 8 satellite. As a result of processing the satellite data, changes in the area and shape of the water surface in the study region over time were analyzed. These changes are particularly pronounced during the spring and autumn periods, which is associated with precipitation and snowmelt. Remote sensing technology is a reliable and scientifically grounded method for observing and assessing large-scale and rapidly evolving natural phenomena such as floods.

Improving the efficiency of the hydraulic drive cooling system of vehicles operating in critical conditions

2025-06-19T09:55:17+00:00

This article discusses the design features of the blast furnace machine, and also proposes a combined hydraulic drive cooling system that combines air, liquid cooling and the use of R134a coolant. The focus is on analyzing existing cooling systems, developing a new design and evaluating its effectiveness. Proposed cooling system is aimed at improvement of reliability and durability of equipment, reduction of power consumption and improvement of ecological indices.

The study is devoted to the development and optimization of the cooling system of the hydraulic drive of the machine for processing blast furnace in metallurgy. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to increase the efficiency and reliability of equipment in conditions of high temperatures and intense loads characteristic of metallurgical production.

Development of mobile robot control algorithms based on ackerman conditions

2025-06-19T11:54:58+00:00

In this paper, we consider a control system for a mobile robot based on differential equations of motion and Ackerman conditions. The main purpose of the research is to develop an algorithm that allows the robot to move efficiently to a given target point, while controlling the angle of rotation and linear velocity. The work begins with determining the necessary formulas for calculating the distance to the target and the angle of rotation, which allows the robot to navigate in space. Then are described that allow you to control the angle of rotation of the wheels and speed calculations taking into account the distance to the target point. To ensure

smooth and safe movement, an iterative controller is created that updates the robot's state

(coordinates and orientation) at each time step. An important part of the work is the implementation of the algorithm in the form of Python program , including graphical visualization of the robot's trajectory using the Matplotlib library. Thus, the work demonstrates the implementation of theoretical aspects of management in practical application, which can be useful for the development of autonomous robots in various fields such as logistics, agriculture and research. The results of the study show that the proposed approach allows the robot to effectively maneuver and adapt to in the environment, ensuring high accuracy of movement and safety of tasks.

Forecasting Demand and Optimization of Spare Parts for Maintenance and Repair of Automobiles

2025-06-19T12:11:18+00:00

Emergency engineering equipment plays a key role in implementing emergency repair strategies to ensure timely and efficient maintenance of vehicles. However, random failures of this equipment may occur during operation, necessitating the development of adequate maintenance strategies and spare parts inventory management to ensure its continuous operation. Moreover, the urgency level of repair requests can vary significantly, affecting the order in which they are serviced. Existing studies rarely consider the impact of urgency levels and request priorities on the repair process. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a joint optimization model of maintenance and spare parts inventory strategies for emergency engineering equipment used in vehicle repair, taking into account request priorities. The model includes two types of equipment with different repair speeds: one provides expedited service for urgent requests, while the other handles regular service. The Markov process embedding method is employed to derive probabilistic reliability indicators of the system. To maximize system availability, the number of maintenance engineers and the spare parts inventory strategy are optimized using the branch-and-bound method. Practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and methods in vehicle repair scenarios.

Innovative solutions of geotechnical seismic isolation with application of ground rubber for protection ofarchitectural monuments

2025-06-13T08:08:32+00:00

This study investigates the application of geotechnical seismic isolation as a feasible and effective strategy for safeguarding architectural heritage sites against seismic hazards. Particular attention is given to the advantages of this approach, including the preservation of structural integrity and historical authenticity, minimal intrusion into existing constructions, and the use of durable, long-lasting materials. The paper examines various seismic mitigation techniques, such as the integration of isolation layers, damping interfaces, shock-absorbing elements, and specialized foundation systems. Case studies of successful applications in culturally valuable structures are presented to support the practical relevance of the proposed methods. The research further emphasizes the importance of advanced engineering solutions in reducing seismic vulnerability, especially in tectonically active regions. A central focus is placed on the use of soil–rubber composite layers as a seismic isolation medium. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial reduction in ground motion amplitudes, thereby enhancing both the resilience and service life of protected buildings. Overall, the findings establish geotechnical seismic isolation as a promising component of modern earthquake-resistant design, requiring a multidisciplinary approach that accounts for engineering, geological, and economic considerations.