Eurasian Journal of Applied Engineering and Technology (EJAET)

Fault Diagnosis System for Auxiliary Converters in HXD3C Series Electric Locomotives

2026-06-19T12:19:06+00:00

This article proposes a fault diagnosis system for auxiliary converter (ACU) in HXD3C-based electric locomotives operating in the railways of Uzbekistan. Auxiliary converter defects are important because they affect traction motors, cooling systems, compressors, and other auxiliary machinery necessary for the safe operation of locomotives. Currently, in Uzbekistan's locomotive depots, fault investigation mainly depends on visual inspection and manual review of major exports of train control and Monitoring System (TCMS) malfunctions. This process takes a long time, depending on the experience of the staff, which may lead to the absence of important error patterns in historical records downloaded from TCMS. The entire proposed system consists of three main parts: an ARM-based minicomputer, diagnostic software with a machine learning model integrated for future predictive maintenance, and a screen for displaying and sending results to staff. The proposed method uses uploaded TCMS error records and converter auxiliary unit records as input. Special software then analyzes data and output reports, visual statistics, and recommendations for possible ACU failure maintenance guidance. First, inappropriate and non-specific records are cleared. ACU-related errors are then selected, grouped by time and error type, and used to identify patterns when errors occur. The results of the initial fault diagnosis show that with the help of simple visual output graphs such as line and bar graphs, maintenance personnel can roughly analyze the occurrence of faults and possible causes of malfunctions. These schedules save a lot of time for staff during maintenance error analysis. And this is very important for fast and high-quality maintenance of electric locomotives. This initial result is itself an important part of this study, as it partially automates the troubleshooting process in Uzbek Railways locomotive depots. The results show that the proposed diagnostic system can support and accelerate maintenance processes before full real-time remote monitoring is available in Uzbekistan's railways. The study promotes a practical approach to using existing TCMS historical data to improve error diagnosis, reduce manual analysis, and prepare O'Z-EL-based electric locomotives for potential predictive maintenance integration in the future.

METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING STEEL SAMPLES IN DISTILLED WATER AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

2026-05-18T10:24:06+00:00

Аннотация . В статье описана конструкция разработанного и изготовленного испытательного стенда, состоящего из собственно испытательной камеры и вспомогательного оборудования, включающего насос высокого давления, ресивер, баллон со сжатым инертным газом и соединительные трубопроводы. Стендовое испытание обеспечивает стальные образцы в дистиллированной воде при высоких температурах и состояниях статической деформации с различными особенностями скорости производства и циклического малоциклового симметричного нагружения. Отличительная особенность стенда - это возможность провести с его помощью испытания стальных образцов с высокой точностью определения их статических механических характеристик и циклической прочности.

The test chamber implements an accurate determination of the force applied to the test sample in a chamber with high-temperature water, and an accurate measurement of its deformations by indirect methods using pre-constructed calibration graphs. The measurement of forces applied to the sample is carried out by an inductive displacement sensor of a mechanical strain gauge installed in the inner cavity of the power rod. The creation of high water pressure in the chamber and its high temperature is carried out by auxiliary devices of the stand. With the help of this stand, static tensile tests with a low rate of deformation of a 10GN2MFA (10ГН2МФА) steel sample were carried out in air and in distilled water at a temperature of 280 ° C. The results of experimental tests have shown that in a distilled water environment at high temperatures and at low deformation rates, the strength of steel remains unchanged, and its plastic properties decrease.

Calculation of design parameters of regular packing of heat and mass transfer apparatus from continuously connected pipes

2026-06-04T06:14:43+00:00

The designs of apparatuses with tubular packing of regular structure with external and internal arrangement of collectors are considered and based on the analysis of their operation we created an apparatus with regular packing made in the form of a system of continuously and sequentially connected pipes of the same diameter inside the apparatus body. Based on the known approach of gas movement through tortuous channels, equations are obtained for calculating the porosity of tubular packing from continuously connected pipes in the section of the apparatus, volumetric porosity and equivalent diameter, taking into account the design components of the tubular bundle and the steps of placing pipes in the vertical and radial directions. A comparison of the calculated data of the design parameters for tubular packing with straight pipes and remote collectors and continuously connected pipes is carried out, which showed that the presence of bends in a bundle of continuously connected pipes leads to a decrease in the numerical values of volumetric porosity and equivalent diameter due to a decrease in the free space of the contact zone.

Tool Wear of TiCN-Based Cermet Inserts in Dry High-Speed Cutting of Low-Alloy AISI 4340 Steel

2026-04-07T04:40:36+00:00

Abstract: This paper examines the performance of TiCN-based cermet cutting tools in high-speed dry machining of steels. It also provides an overview of recent research highlighting the superior wear resistance and stable cutting performance of cermets compared to conventional carbide and ceramic tools. Particular attention is given to their thermal stability, chemical inertness, and ability to maintain cutting edge geometry at elevated temperatures. Numerical simulations of the stress–strain state and thermal field in the cutting tool and AISI 4340 steel workpiece were conducted using Autodesk Nastran and Deform 3D software. At a cutting speed of 450 m/min, the maximum von Mises equivalent stress in the tool reached 769.2 MPa, while the temperature rose to 1130 °C, which remains within the acceptable limits for TiCN-based cermets. In the cutting zone of the workpiece, temperatures up to 934 °C and stresses up to 1350 MPa were observed. The results confirm the feasibility of employing cermet tools for high-speed finishing operations. Tool wear was estimated using the Usui wear model, enabling a realistic assessment of tool life under actual thermomechanical loads. The analysis clarifies the operational characteristics of cermets and supports their application in modern metal cutting technologies.

Effect of low-temperature ion–plasma nitriding time on the tribomechanical properties of 30kh13 martensitic stainless steel

2026-07-16T07:14:21+00:00

This study investigates the effect of low-temperature ion–plasma nitriding time on the microstructure, phase composition, and functional properties of 30Kh13 martensitic stainless steel. The samples were treated at 400 °C for 3, 4, and 5 h in an atmosphere of dissociated ammonia. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, Vickers microhardness measurements, as well as tribological and corrosion tests, the patterns of structural evolution and their relationship with tribological characteristics were established. It was shown that increasing the nitriding time results in the sequential formation of expanded martensite (α′N), γ′-Fe₄N and ε-Fe_2-3N nitrides, while 5 h of treatment additionally leads to the formation of CrN nitrides, causing chromium depletion of the surface layer.It was determined that the 4 h nitriding regime provides the most favorable combination of structural homogeneity and functional properties. Under this condition, the surface microhardness increases up to 948 HV, the coefficient of friction decreases to 0.46, and the wear volume is reduced by more than three times compared to the initial state. Corrosion tests demonstrated that this regime is characterized by the lowest corrosion current density (4.13 μA/cm²) and a more positive corrosion potential (−0.12 V), which is attributed to the absence of CrN nitrides and the formation of a stable passive film.Thus, low-temperature ion–plasma nitriding at 400 °C for 4 h represents the optimal regime for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of 30Kh13 steel.

Participatory Budgeting in Urban Planning: A Mechanism for Prioritizing Public Space Development Projects

2026-06-10T18:10:30+00:00

Participatory budgeting is a way for citizens to be involved in decisions about their city. It helps to understand what people need and to allocate public money to projects that improve public spaces and local infrastructure. Despite its growing adoption in digitally mediated environments, empirical evidence on performance dynamics and measurable social outcomes remains limited, particularly in post-Soviet urban contexts where institutional legacies and administrative cultures shape participatory practices in distinct ways.

This study addresses this gap through a systematic analysis of project-level data from Almaty's official open participatory budgeting platform. Using descriptive statistical analysis and pattern identification across project categories, voting behaviour, budget distribution, district-level participation rates, and implementation status, we examine citizen participation intensity, spatial prioritisation trends, and resource allocation mechanisms within the municipal governance framework.

The findings reveal structural imbalances in project selection, uneven participation across districts, and procedural inefficiencies in budget management that affect implementation timelines. Based on these results, the study formulates evidence-based recommendations to improve transparency, participation equity, spatial inclusiveness, and institutional effectiveness in municipal participatory budgeting practices.

Principles of integrating education and production in architecture

2026-04-07T05:16:26+00:00

Modern architecture of educational institutions increasingly involves a close combination of educational and industrial functions. This article examines approaches to the design of educational buildings and campuses that combine educational and industrial functions. Based on an analysis of international experience (educational and industrial laboratories, technology parks and science parks, integrated educational institutions), key principles of architectural integration of education and practical production are identified. Cases from Belgium, Italy, the USA and other countries are considered, where educational auditoriums are located next to workshops, laboratories and production sites. The basic principles are identified: functional mixing, spatial openness and visual connections between zones, flexibility and adaptability of premises, partnership with industry, and multifunctionality. The authors argue for the need to design flexible, multifunctional spaces that connect workshops, laboratories, classrooms, and industrial facilities with a common structural and spatial system. Projects and initiatives are used to demonstrate how architecture contributes to the fusion of theoretical education and real-world manufacturing practices, stimulating the innovative cycle of ‘academia-industry.’ The results presented illustrate the importance of open learning spaces, visible interaction between students and production, and infrastructure solutions for effective integration. The conclusions drawn can serve as a basis for methods of designing educational and production complexes aimed at training highly qualified personnel.

Algorithmic design as a methodological framework for optimizing insolation and wind flows at the stage of conceptual architectural form generation

2026-06-12T04:40:55+00:00

Contemporary architectural practice faces the need to account for climatic factors already at the early stages of design, when the key parameters of the future object’s spatial, functional, and environmental performance are established. The subject of this study is the methodological potential of algorithmic design as a tool for transforming conceptual design into an analytically grounded process. The aim of the article is to systematize and theoretically substantiate the methodology for applying the Grasshopper and Dynamo software environments to account for insolation and wind flows at the conceptual design stage. The study is theoretical and methodological in nature and is based on a comparative analysis of instrumental platforms, a synthesis of approaches to climate modeling, and an examination of the principles of multi-criteria optimization in architecture. As a result, a conceptual model of iterative integrated design is proposed, in which the analysis of insolation and aeration is considered an active form-generating factor, while design decisions are made within a space of trade-offs between climatic, energy-related, functional, and architectural-aesthetic criteria. It is substantiated that algorithmic design can be regarded as a methodological foundation for the transition to “computational sketching”, which ensures a higher level of coherence between design decisions and the requirements of sustainable and climate-adaptive design.

Researching the dynamics of engine oil property changes and diesel lubrication system condition during service life

2026-04-28T07:01:02+00:00

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed analysis of the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative performance parameters of a diesel engine lubrication system and the patterns of their change throughout the operational period. Understanding this dynamics is critical for enhancing the reliability and durability of diesel power units.

The methodology involved a comprehensive computational, analytical, and experimental investigation, utilizing physico-chemical analysis of motor oil samples and monitoring the engine's operational indicators.

It was established that ongoing changes in the physico-chemical composition of the motor oil are a key factor determining the dynamics of all quantitative and qualitative indicators within the lubrication system. The progression of oil aging (including polymerization) directly affects the rate of component degradation, significantly shortening its useful service life and necessitating strict adherence to replacement schedules.

The study also identified a specific risk: changes in the technical condition of the lubrication system can lead to oil fractions entering the fuel system. This constitutes a serious violation of operational standards, causing off-design operating modes and multiplying the risk of premature engine wear and failure.

In conclusion, the dynamics of change in lubrication system indicators is a complex, multifactorial dependency that can be represented by a graphical model. The practical value of this research lies in developing a foundation for optimizing maintenance strategies and increasing the operational efficiency of diesel engines.

Cluster platform as a center of digitalization competencies based on the «multilevel integrated helix-ecosystem model»

2026-04-07T05:09:11+00:00

The article presents a concept of a cluster-based platform as a competence center for digitalization in the transport sector, using the Multilevel Integrated Helix-Ecosystem Model (MIHEM). The proposed model combines elements of the Triple, Quadruple, and Quintuple Helix with an ecosystem-based approach to enable multilevel stakeholder interaction during digital transformation. The study defines the platform’s core functions, including digital skills development, R&D coordination, technology transfer, and digital infrastructure integration. The paper presents the results of conceptual modeling and discusses the application potential of MIHEM in building sustainable digital ecosystems for the transport industry.

Improvement of the body structure for efficient collection of municipal waste

2026-05-26T06:13:06+00:00

Annotation. Nowadays, the problem of garbage is one of the most pressing. For the purpose of its processing, new methods are proposed from year to year, one of which is sorting garbage, because there are many opportunities for processing paper parts or glass parts, for example. In this regard, garbage trucks have a special body consisting of three sections, which transport garbage by placing it in special sections, but as we often see, the number of garbage can be different. In some cases, one type of garbage will be more than the other. In this regard, this article provides for the division of its internal section into three parts in order to improve the structure of garbage trucks when collecting solid household waste by type. Distinguishing the bodies of garbage trucks into three adaptive types, it is recommended to reduce the number of transports and optimally use the structure. That is, if one section is filled with less garbage, the second section is increased by hydraulics and closes the free space. To achieve this goal, the article defines filling coefficients. In addition, the Ansys program provides for the study of structural strength, stability. As a result of the calculation, the strength of the structure was ensured.

Improving the performance of a vehicle's internal combustion engine using various types of additives

2026-04-27T07:24:22+00:00

Modern requirements for internal combustion engines (ICE) imply not only high power and efficiency indicators, but also compliance with environmental standards for the level of emissions of harmful substances. One of the promising areas for improving the performance characteristics of ICE is the use of fuel additives that can improve the quality of fuel combustion, reduce the formation of deposits and reduce the wear of engine components. This paper examines the effect of various types of fuel additives on the operation of a gasoline engine with direct injection. The study was conducted using both laboratory and numerical modeling methods. The engine operating parameters were analyzed using fuel without additives, as well as with additives in various concentrations. The following parameters were evaluated: specific fuel consumption, temperature and dynamic operating modes, combustion stability, content of nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (CH) and carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gase. The results showed that certain additive formulations help to increase the completeness of fuel mixture combustion, reduce exhaust toxicity, and increase engine life by improving the lubricating and cleaning properties of the fuel. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were developed for the optimal use of additives depending on engine operating conditions. The findings presented may be useful for both automakers and private users seeking to improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of their vehicles.

Еarthquake disasters and countermeasures -the case of Japan, Hachinohe

2026-06-18T06:40:05+00:00

On December 8, 2025, a major earthquake struck off the eastern coast of Aomori Prefecture, causing severe damage in Hachinohe City and surrounding areas. The event highlighted the vulnerability of regional infrastructure and communities to seismic and tsunami hazards. This study examines the impacts of the earthquake on transportation facilities, communication infrastructure, residential areas, and local society. Using Hachinohe as a case study, the paper reviews historical experiences with earthquakes and tsunamis, the mechanisms responsible for their occurrence, and the measures implemented to reduce disaster-related losses. Particular attention is given to the resilience of infrastructure systems, emergency response activities, and post-disaster recovery processes. The study further discusses the challenges that local communities may face under future regional environmental changes and proposes directions for strengthening disaster preparedness, risk mitigation, and sustainable regional development.

Effective mineral additives for binders and concretes made from local kaolin clays

2026-04-21T06:53:18+00:00

The article discusses the possibilities of obtaining active mineral additives (AMD) from kaolin-containing clay raw materials of the Kyrgyz Republic. An analysis of the mineral and raw material base and a comparative assessment of the kaolin clays of Kyrgyzstan by chemical composition were carried out, which made it possible to note a high content of SiO2 from 48.5 to 71.5% and Al2O3 from 14.8 to 30.4 %. Microstructural and elemental analysis of the studied Kara Kech clay confirmed the presence of a finely dispersed lamellar matrix with a predominance of aluminosilicates, which indicates the predominance of Si elements, Al and O. The results of X-ray phase analysis (Fig.1) showed that the main clay phase is the mineral kaolinite in the range of 45-55% with an additional content of 15-20% illite. Preliminary studies indicate a high potential for pozzolanic activity after thermal activation.
Studies on the thermal activation of clay from the Kara-Keche deposit have been performed and optimal firing modes have been determined. It has been established that the kaolinite clays of Kara Keche acquire high pozzolan activity at a temperature of 650-700 °C. The use of activated clays in cement systems significantly increases the strength in the early stages of hardening by 73% after 7 days and by 40% after 28 days, which significantly increases the durability of cement composites, reducing the carbon footprint of building materials.

Evaluation of deformation parameters of foundations using the method of soil stamp testing in industrial construction conditions

2026-05-21T05:57:32+00:00

This study examines the ranges of deformation modulus for various soil types using stamp testing. Particular attention is paid to the advantages of the stamp testing approach, including maintaining structural integrity, minimizing its impact on existing structures and the use of strong, durable materials. The article discusses various stamp soil testing methods considering the geographical and engineering characteristics of the site. Examples of successful applications in industrial structures are presented, confirming the practical significance of the proposed methods. The study also highlights the significance of advanced engineering solutions for reducing soil deformation. An emphasis focus is on the analysis of soil layers and groundwater levels. Field results demonstrate a significant reduction in soil deformation, thereby increasing both the stability and service life of industrial buildings and structures. Overall, the study results confirm that geotechnical testing is a promising component of modern industrial design, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach that considers engineering, geological, and economic factors.

Technological support for the quality of construction processes and systematic control of construction parameters

2026-05-13T09:11:15+00:00

This article examines engineering and technological approaches to quality assurance and quality control in the construction industry. The focus is on integrating quality management methods into construction processes, including monitoring work parameters, analyzing defects, and ensuring compliance with design documentation and regulatory requirements. The relevance of this research stems from the need to improve the reliability and durability of construction projects by implementing systematic quality control at all stages of the life cycle—from design to commissioning. The aim of this work is to develop an approach to ensuring the quality of construction products by combining the principles of quality management systems with engineering methods for monitoring and analyzing technological processes. The scientific novelty lies in examining the quality system as an element of the construction process, ensuring the control of process parameters and reducing the likelihood of defects. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches to improve the efficiency of construction work, reduce production risks, and ensure the consistent quality of constructed projects.

A Simplified Approach for Bending Analysis of Beams Resting on a Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation

2026-05-18T09:25:01+00:00

This paper presents a simplified method for analyzing beams interacting with two-parameter elastic foundations. The study develops and examines a refined mathematical model that captures the mechanical interaction between the beam and the elastic foundation, providing an accurate description of the beam’s stress-strain state. The scientific novelty and practical significance lie in deriving analytical expressions for vertical displacements, bending moments, shear forces, and the distributions of normal and shear stresses along the beam. The methodology is based on theoretical analysis using an enhanced model of the two-parameter elastic foundation. As a result, analytical solutions are obtained, enabling evaluation of how the foundation’s stiffness parameters influence structural behavior. The study establishes that the distributions of deflection and bending moment are symmetric about the midspan, whereas the distributions of shear forces and shear stresses are antisymmetric. Findings indicate that increasing foundation stiffness reduces deflections but maintains the overall pattern of internal force distribution. Special attention is given to the case where α < 1, revealing unique features in the beam’s stress-strain state. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate its applicability for analyzing beam structures on two-parameter elastic foundations

The switch-off to digital terrestrial television in Italy: costs, benefits and strategic implications for broadcasters

2026-06-09T11:43:49+00:00

Abstract. This article examines the recent transformation of digital terrestrial television (DTT) in Italy through the analytical lens of costs, benefits and strategic implications for broadcasters. Unlike earlier studies focused mainly on analogue switch-off, the paper updates the discussion to the 2015–2026 period, when the Italian broadcasting system was reshaped by 700 MHz spectrum refarming, DVB-T2/HEVC migration, MPEG-4 transition, hybrid broadcast-broadband services and growing competition from satellite, IPTV and over-the-top platforms. The aim is to explain how regulatory change and technological modernization redistributed economic burdens and strategic opportunities among national public-service broadcasters, commercial groups, local television operators and pay-TV competitors. The methodology combines literature review, qualitative web content analysis and a comparative case-study approach based on regulatory documents, industry reports, corporate communications and recent policy materials. The findings show that DTT modernization generated important public and technical benefits, including spectrum efficiency, platform continuity, improved quality potential and universal access. However, the same process created asymmetric costs related to infrastructure renewal, receiver compatibility, content expansion, advertising fragmentation and regulatory adaptation. The article argues that the success of DTT modernization depends not only on transmission standards but also on interoperability, platform governance, sustainable local broadcasting and integration with broadband-based media ecosystems.
Keywords: digital terrestrial television, Italy, DVB-T2, spectrum refarming, media economics, hybrid television, broadcasters.

Actuarial ML Platform with a Protocol-Based SRE Validation Layer

2026-06-10T17:39:37+00:00

Insurance companies increasingly rely on machine learning methods to determine payouts and premiums, forecast customer churn, process complaint narratives and support a variety of service functions. In practice, however, such models often evolve as isolated modules, which makes data quality checks, leakage control, metric registration, and service-state assessment inconsistent across the analytical pipeline. This paper proposes an actuarial ML platform with a protocol-based SRE validation layer designed to integrate these procedures into a single operational framework. The platform follows a microservice architecture and combines data collection and preparation services, model training components, an evaluation block, and a results delivery interface. Within the protocol, each stage includes structural data checks, error classification, drift monitoring, metric comparison, and confirmation that model artifacts are suitable for production use. This approach enables controlled retraining and model updates, preserves comparability with previous versions, and supports service continuity. The proposed solution is aimed at improving the reliability of risk modeling in insurance organizations and strengthening the resilience of ML systems to changes in data and operating conditions.

Methodological approaches of machine learning and adaptive personalization in educational gaming platforms

2026-04-06T06:59:54+00:00

This article examines methodological approaches in machine learning (ML), educational data mining (EDM), and adaptive gamification on digital educational platforms, based on a systematic review of 36 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025. The study identified the most frequently applied ML models, personalized learning approaches, and game mechanics that enhance student motivation and learning outcomes. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate databases, following strict inclusion criteria focused on the concrete implementation of technologies in the educational process. The analysis revealed the active use of graph neural networks, reinforcement learning, gradient boosting, and deep learning architectures for adaptive learning and behavioral modeling. At the same time, it was found that adaptive gamification, when combined with real-time analytics, significantly improves long-term student engagement. As a result of the comparative analysis of ML methodological approaches and adaptive personalization, a model of interaction between the player, the EdTech game, and an RL-based personalization system was proposed.

Development of cyber range platform for cybersecurity beginners

2025-11-20T09:46:17+00:00

This article presents a detailed analysis of existing solutions in the field of upskilling novice cybersecurity specialists. Based on this analysis, our team developed a cyber range platform called HackerPlace. This platform enables aspiring cybersecurity specialists to carry out a series of tasks, including network scanning, searching for personal data available on the Internet, as well as launching attacks on various infrastructures. The platform was developed using the Python Django framework. A key feature of the platform is the administrator panel, which allows monitoring of learners' progress and provides the capability to evaluate task completion times for identifying particularly challenging tasks. This article provides an extensive description of the development work performed and the results from testing the platform among graduates of the "Cybersecurity" educational program.