Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series

Tensile and shear bond tests on Flax-TRM systems

N. Trochoutsou — 2026-03-30

This paper presents the preliminary results of an experimental programme investigating the bond behaviour between natural fibre Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composites and masonry substrates. The TRM system used in the study consisted of one and two layers of flax textile reinforcement embedded within a lime-based mortar matrix, selected due to its compatibility with historic and traditional masonry materials. The mechanical performance of the textile–matrix composite, as well as its interaction with the masonry substrate were evaluated through a series of laboratory tests. These included direct tension tests to determine the tensile capacity and behaviour of the composite, and single-lap shear bond tests to assess the bond strength and stress transfer at the TRM–masonry interface. The results obtained from both test programmes are analysed and discussed in detail, highlighting the main parameters influencing bond performance, such as textile layers, mortar properties, and interface characteristics. Particular attention is given to the stress-transfer mechanism between fibres, mortar matrix, and the parent masonry material. Based on the experimental findings, the feasibility and effectiveness of flax-based TRM systems as a sustainable and compatible strengthening technique for masonry structures are also evaluated.

Calculation of model stresses from a motor vehicle wheel on the contact patch, depending on tire pressure

L.T. Kabdyrova — 2026-03-30

This article presents part of a model study on the abrasion resistance of an anti-icing agent impregnation composition, related to the calculation and modeling of stresses transmitted by a model wheel to a concrete road, taking into account actual indicators and scaling. The aim of the research was to assess the normal stresses arising from the impact of motor vehicles, taking into account the variability of the contact patch resulting from a decrease or increase in tire pressure. Calculations were performed for different types of vehicles, from bicycles to trucks, which were conditionally divided into categories A1-A5 (in ascending order of vehicle weight). The calculation results are presented as ranges of normal stresses on the road surface caused by the operation of motor vehicles, depending on their type and standard load capacity. The calculations were performed using the linear graph method of universal tire characteristics, taking into account normal deflection and variable potential pressure in the tire. The obtained calculation results will allow for more accurate development of calculation schemes in numerical or large-scale modeling of road situations.

Digital simulation of soil sieve analysis: visualization of the laboratory process and practical relevance

A. Tulebekova — 2026-03-30

This paper presents approaches for enhancing the accuracy and
methodological transparency of laboratory determinations of soil grain-size distribution using digital simulation. The study aims to develop and implement an interactive model of the sieve analysis process that visualizes the sequence of laboratory operations and highlights the importance of a standardized procedure. The scientific significance lies in formalizing the traditional testing methodology and creating an algorithm that enables precise reproduction in a digital environment. The practical relevance of the research stems from the simulation’s ability to compensate for the limitations of real laboratory conditions, where alternative sieving scenarios cannot always be reproduced, thereby reducing the accuracy and repeatability of results. This issue is critical not only in education but also in engineering practice, where insufficient sieving completeness may distort grain-size characteristics and, consequently, lead to errors in construction design and bearing-capacity assessment. Incorporating these aspects into the digital simulation improves methodological awareness. It expands its applicability to both academic and engineering contexts, providing an additional tool for quality control and strengthening the reliability of geotechnical decision-making.

Reliability of Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) for Reducing Earthquake Effects

R. Shegenbayeva — 2026-03-30

The article investigates the interaction between soil cushion–based geotechnical seismic isolation, the foundation, and the superstructure with the aim of improving the reliability and stability of buildings located in seismically hazardous regions. The main objective of the study is the numerical modeling of the seismic reliability of buildings equipped with geotechnical seismic isolation in the form of soil cushions, as well as the probabilistic assessment of foundation deformation growth and the dynamic response of the structure under earthquakes of a given intensity. The research methodology includes theoretical analysis, numerical modeling using the finite element method implemented in PLAXIS 2D, interpretation of the obtained results, and reliability assessment based on probabilistic methods that account for statistical heterogeneity and random effects. The performance of soil cushion–based seismic isolation systems made of sand, gravel, and sand reinforced with a geogrid layer was analyzed. Reliability indicators related to foundation settlement and the probabilities of exceeding allowable accelerations at the foundation level and at the top of the building were determined. The results show that the application of geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) leads to a reduction of horizontal accelerations by approximately 16% at both the foundation base and the top of the structure. Probabilistic analysis indicates that the probability of exceeding the allowable acceleration at the top of the building decreases from 27% to 7.84%, while the reliability index increases to βat = 1.42 (a 73% improvement). These findings confirm the high efficiency of soil cushion–based geotechnical seismic isolation and demonstrate its potential for practical application as an affordable, reliable, and adaptable solution for reducing seismic risk in engineering practice.

Global Experience and Contemporary Trends in University Campus Design

M.Kh. Batyrova — 2026-03-30

This article examines international experience and contemporary trends in the design of university campuses, with particular attention to the principles of forming innovative and multifunctional educational spaces. Special emphasis is placed on the transformation of university territories into integrated scientific and educational ecosystems that combine educational, research, social, and public functions. The study analyzes examples of leading global campuses, including the James H. Clark Center at Stanford University, the Harvard University Engineering Complex in Allston, the CREATE campus in Singapore, CJ Blossom Park in South Korea, and the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology in Russia. Key architectural and planning solutions that ensure spatial flexibility, interdisciplinarity, sustainability, and the integration of campuses into the urban environment are examined. Particular attention is given to the formation of public spaces that stimulate communication, collaborative work, and scientific interaction among representatives of various fields of knowledge. Contemporary models of campus spatial organization are identified, including open, adaptive, and environmentally sustainable solutions. The results of the study demonstrate the need to transition from traditional monofunctional structures to dynamic and integrated campus ecosystems, which is highly relevant for the architectural and urban development of universities in Kazakhstan in the context of global educational and scientific challenges.

The role of cable-stayed structures in the creation of public and cultural spaces

N.Zh. Akzhigit — 2026-03-30

Cable-stayed structures represent an important element of modern architectural design, playing a key role in the creation of public and cultural spaces. Cable-stayed structures provide the opportunity to create spacious and open areas with a minimum number of supporting elements, which creates an atmosphere of freedom and lightness. This article examines the influence of cable-stayed systems on the development of functionality and aesthetics of public and cultural spaces, as well as their role in the formation of architectural forms. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features and advantages of using cable-stayed structures to create unique and effective public spaces. The article discusses both theoretical aspects and practical examples of the successful application of cable-stayed systems in architecture. The research is based on an analysis of existing projects, a comparison of various design solutions, and a study of the theoretical aspects of cable-stayed systems. The main results show that cable-stayed structures contribute to the creation of open and aesthetically attractive spaces, which are also effective in terms of functionality and sustainability. The importance of the research lies in expanding knowledge about the use of cable-stayed systems and their capabilities in the architecture of public facilities. The practical significance of this work lies in an in-depth understanding and demonstration of the possibilities of cable-stayed structures in creating public spaces.

Features of the development of retail facilities in Astana

D.Ye. Sarsembayeva — 2026-03-30

This study examines examples of retail facilities in Astana. In the service sector, shopping and entertainment centers are an important consideration. Shopping and entertainment centers combine retail, cultural, and leisure functions, which influence their location and development. Service within the center depends on creating conditions for visitors and staff. This requires consideration of climatic, transport, and social conditions. The purpose of this study is to identify the development characteristics of retail facilities in Astana. The relevance of this research lies in studying the development characteristics of shopping and entertainment centers. The study examined the development of international facilities. The methodology includes studying the location of facilities according to the presented diagram. This issue has been studied by foreign and domestic researchers in various fields. The results of this study revealed the characteristics of shopping and entertainment center development: development along major highways and in new areas; accessibility of facilities for residents of the Left Bank. The practical significance lies in the need to design shopping and entertainment centers, taking into account the identified characteristics.

Mathematical modeling of aviation personnel training in the field of flight safety

N. Dolzhenko — 2026-03-30

The modern development of civil aviation is accompanied by the complication of organizational and technical systems and the tightening of flight safety requirements. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of educational programs for training aircraft personnel through the use of mathematical modeling methods that allow optimizing professional training processes, taking into account safety requirements.

The subject of the study is the processes of training aircraft personnel in the context of ensuring flight safety. The objectives of the study include the analysis of existing approaches to the organization of training, the development of a mathematical model that takes into account professional competencies, safety parameters, as well as external and internal factors that affect the educational process.

The purpose of the work is to build and test a mathematical model that allows you to evaluate and optimize the process of training aircraft personnel.

The study used methods of system analysis, control theory, mathematical modeling, and simulation modeling. To demonstrate the operation of the model, a numerical example is given; its results are illustrative based on empirical evidence to identify the key parameters that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of training.

The results of the work demonstrate the possibility of quantifying the impact of various factors on the level of professional readiness of personnel. The findings make it possible to formulate recommendations for adjusting educational programs responsible for flight safety.

Improving the performance of TORO-40D mining dump trucks by selecting rational methods

M.A. Zhumanov — 2026-03-30

In recent years, significant downtime has been increasingly observed in the underground mines of the Kazakhmys Corporation. A large number of high-performance self-propelled machines with various pneumatic wheel drives are used in these mines. Practice shows that the use of outdated methods and tools for repairing underground self-propelled equipment does not fully meet modern production requirements and is therefore inefficient.

One of the main reasons for the reduced efficiency of self-propelled equipment is the insufficient use of diagnostic methods and tools that enable continuous monitoring of the technical condition of each machine and its main components.

To prevent failures, after a certain period of operation, it is necessary to determine the predicted and remaining service life of each unit based on diagnostic data.

This article presents the main results of studies aimed at predicting the remaining service life of machine components used in the mines of Kazakhmys Corporation, and analyzes the possibilities of applying the obtained data in industrial practice.

Architecture of an Intelligent Vibration Diagnostics System for Vehicles and Methodology for Vibration Signal Analysis

M.Zh. Kuatova — 2026-03-30

The article addresses issues related to developing methods for analyzing vibration signals and forming the architecture of an intelligent vehicle vibration diagnostics system. The relevance of the research stems from the need to enhance the reliability and safety of transportation systems amid digitalization and the implementation of cyber-physical technologies. The primary processing method chosen is spectral analysis based on the fast Fourier transform, which enables the identification of dominant frequency components and the formation of diagnostic features. An experimental implementation of vibration acceleration recording was carried out using multi-channel accelerometer sensors, and digital data processing was performed to calculate integral and spectral parameters. Based on this methodology, a concept for a multi-level architecture of an intelligent system was proposed, including sensor, analytical, and intellectual levels. This approach integrates with digital monitoring platforms and implements condition-based maintenance, increasing diagnostic efficiency and improving vehicle reliability. The developed approach can serve as a basis for advancing modern intelligent diagnostic systems in the transportation industry, capable of effectively preventing failures and increasing vehicle operational readiness.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engine Repair: A Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance Approach

N.K. Ybrai — 2026-03-30

In Kazakhstan, a large part of the vehicle fleet is characterized by a high degree of wear, harsh climatic conditions, and unstable fuel quality, which leads to premature engine failures. Traditional reactive repair methods, aimed at eliminating failures only after they occur, lead to longer downtime and higher operating costs. Preventive maintenance does not always ensure the required reliability because it relies mainly on fixed time intervals rather than the actual technical condition of engine components.

Therefore, the implementation of predictive maintenance methods based on machine learning technologies is becoming increasingly important in modern transport engineering. This study presents the results of experimental research conducted in Karaganda, where a machine learning model was developed using sensor data from internal combustion engines to detect potential failures at an early stage. The results show that the proposed approach reduces unplanned failures, extends engine service life, improves fuel efficiency, and decreases harmful emissions.

Experimental Study of Exhaust Gas Purification from a Gasoline Engine under Combined Ultrasonic and Laser Radiation Effects

М.S. Issabayev — 2026-03-30

This paper presents an experimental study aimed at reducing the toxicity of internal combustion engine exhaust gases using ultrasonic waves and infrared laser radiation. An original combined device integrating an ultrasonic emitter and an infrared laser into the housing of an automobile muffler was developed and tested.

Under no-treatment conditions, as well as under ultrasonic, laser, and combined exposure, the concentrations of the main exhaust gas components, including unburned hydrocarbons (CH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and oxygen (O₂), together with gas temperature, were measured at engine idle and at increased engine speeds.

The results showed that ultrasound and laser radiation exert selective effects on different exhaust components. At higher engine speeds, ultrasonic treatment reduced CO concentration by up to 60% compared with the control mode, whereas laser radiation decreased CH concentration by 35–40%.

Their combined application provided a complex reduction in harmful emissions, with CH and CO decreasing by 38% and 43%, respectively. The findings confirm the potential of the integrated use of ultrasound and infrared lasers for exhaust gas purification.

Morphological analysis of the working bodies of earthmoving machines and mathematical modeling of the dynamics of movement

Zh.Zh. Zhunusbekova — 2026-03-30

This article considers the scientific and methodological foundations of improving new types of earthmoving machines and working bodies, which are widely used in the road and construction industries. The rapid growth of construction volumes in Kazakhstan creates the need to mechanize earthmoving processes and increase their efficiency. The relevance of earthmoving machines is based on their widespread use in various industries related to the construction of roads, transport, water management, hydraulic, industrial, civil, and agricultural facilities. For this purpose, morphological analysis of the working bodies of earthmoving machines and methods for mathematical modeling of their movement were proposed.

During the study, a classification was carried out by soil destruction methods, working environment, transportation methods, work cycle, and types of attachment to the base machine, and the diversity of hypothetical structures of working bodies was identified. Based on the morphological tree, 484 possible working body variants were obtained. Four mathematical blocks of the movement of working bodies in different environmental conditions were developed, and the forces of resistance to cutting and transportation were taken into account.

The developed models allow to reduce energy consumption of the excavation process, optimize the transmission power and rotation frequency, as well as reducing the specific energy consumption of machines. The obtained results are of practical importance in the design and improvement of road construction equipment.

Robotization in the Production of Distribution Power Transformers - Technologies, Advantages and Prospects of Industry 4.0

G.A. Smailova — 2026-03-30

This paper explores modern approaches to introducing robotic automation in the production of power distribution transformers within the Industry 4.0 framework. It identifies the key manufacturing stages where industrial robots provide the greatest efficiency, including electrical steel cutting, coil winding, magnetic core assembly, insulation application, tank welding, and quality control. Particular attention is given to integrating robotic systems with digital manufacturing management platforms, as well as using sensors, machine vision, and real-time monitoring technologies.

The findings show that robotic automation significantly improves precision and operational consistency, reduces production cycle time by approximately 30–40%, lowers defect rates from 5–7% to 2–3%, and decreases overall manufacturing costs by 15–20%. Additional benefits include improved energy efficiency, enhanced workplace safety, reduced occupational injuries, optimized resource use, and minimized human error.

The study concludes that implementing robotics in transformer manufacturing establishes a foundation for smart factories and fully automated intelligent production systems driven by digitalization, big data, artificial intelligence, and predictive maintenance.

Prospects for the development of the outrigger designs for railway cranes

G.B. Khayitbayeva — 2026-03-30

This article examines the issue of ensuring the stability and operational safety of railway recovery cranes. It demonstrates that one of the key components determining the crane’s stability during loading and transport operations is the outriggers, which absorb the majority of the forces and ensure their redistribution to the supporting surface.

The aim of the study is to analyze the design solutions for outriggers of railway lifting cranes and to identify promising directions for their design improvement.

Based on a patent analysis of existing technical solutions, a classification of modern outrigger designs has been developed into the following groups: systems designed to reduce unit pressure on the ground; designs differing in configuration and layout; solutions involving the use of modern materials in working elements; systems equipped with devices for monitoring crane stability during operation. Based on the identified classification criteria, a morphological table was created, allowing for the synthesis of possible design variants for outriggers, justifying the direction of further research, and determining the main parameters of the research object.

A comparative analysis of existing methods for calculating the stability of railway cranes with outriggers has been carried out. The prospect of increasing the efficiency of the support elements by optimizing their configuration and using modern composite materials is shown.

Enhancing user experience through advanced sentiment analysis

A.K. Aitim — 2026-03-30

The rapid growth of user-generated textual content on social media platforms, messaging applications, e-commerce websites, and online services has increased the importance of automated sentiment analysis for understanding public opinion and improving digital services. The aim of this research is to investigate modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches for sentiment analysis and to develop an effective method for analyzing and summarizing consumer reviews in order to enhance user experience. The scientific significance of the study lies in exploring advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques for processing large volumes of unstructured textual data and identifying emotional patterns in user feedback. The research methodology includes text preprocessing, tokenization, vectorization using transformer-based representations, and sentiment classification using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models and machine learning algorithms. The results show that deep learning models improve the accuracy of sentiment detection and enable more reliable analysis of user opinions expressed in textual data. The findings contribute to the development of efficient analytical tools for sentiment analysis and provide practical support for businesses in understanding consumer preferences and improving the quality of digital services.