Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series

Comprehensive provision of quality parameters of the surface layer of parts by an innovative method of combined finishing and hardening treatment

G.Zh Bulekbayeva — 2024-03-29

The quality of the surface layer significantly affects the reliability and durability of modern machine-built products. Therefore, it is necessary to use processing methods that improve the microgeometry of the part surface and positively impact the structure, physical and mechanical properties, and stress state of the surface layer. The article investigates a combined method of surface plastic deformation, combining rigid and elastic smoothing and allowing to comprehensively ensure the quality parameters of the surface layer of parts. The possibilities of using a combined tool for rigid-elastic smoothing and a system for automatically providing a given tension during smoothing are considered. The use of an automatic system to ensure a given tension during smoothing allows you to adjust the power parameters of the process with high accuracy. The practical significance of the work is that as a result of rigid elastic smoothing, a microstructure with a homogeneous dense hardened layer is formed in the surface layer, forming a regular surface roughness profile of a favorable blunted shape, and providing increased wear resistance of the surface layer of the part and its correct geometric shape.

The research in this article is aimed at solving these problematic issues and is carried out within the framework of the AP19680395 project "Study of the stress-strain state of deposited parts and development of a method for reducing their deformations in the processes of surface plastic deformation", under grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

On the possibility of changing the trajectory of a projectile or rocket based on aerodynamic impact in the shock wave zone

Toksan Zhakatayev — 2024-03-29

A physical hypothesis is proposed that it is possible to change the design trajectory of the projectile on the basis of mechanical action on the entire volume of shockwave zones with a unilateral, asymmetric presence of the second projectile. Deviating from the original trajectory results in a positive result when it comes to a defensive task.

A new semi-empirical model has been developed and compiled, which allows you to calculate the trajectory of the projectile taking into account the air resistance to movement.

In the new model, it is recommended that only four easily detectable values be used in upcoming experiments:

the initial departure speed , the maximum altitude , the maximum flight range and the full time. The calculation scheme uses iterative calculations. On the basis of which the values of numerical coefficients in the semi-empirical model are specified. The physical idea that external powerful laser radiation can heat the side surface of the projectile and the entire zone of wave jumps of the seal is justified. On one side of the semi-plant, that is, it is one-way heating. The asymmetrical thermal state on both sides of the missile may cause the missile or projectile to deviate from the previously assigned heading. This circumstance is also in favor of the proposed idea.

Simulating the process of compacting the railway bed

Akbope Karsakova — 2024-03-29

The article solves the problem of the interaction between sealing plate and the railway bed. Numerical results have been obtained in the process of three-dimensional modeling using the finite element method, which allow demonstrating volumetrically the stress-strain state of the railway bed and using it in the calculation methodology.

Study on damage mechanism of mudstone radiated by high energy laser

Gongshun Lin — 2024-03-29

As mining resources enter the deep stage, the rock strength is high, the use of traditional mechanical rock breaking technology, easy to cause serious wear of the drill bit, drill replacement costs increase, low rock breaking efficiency problems. Laser rock breaking technology uses the way of non-direct contact with rock mass to cause rock breaking, which greatly improves the speed of deep mining. In this paper, high energy laser experiments are carried out on mudstone . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the mudstone minerals before and after laser radiation, and the Brazilian splitting experiment is carried out on mudstone samples after laser test and he final experimental data and analysis results show that the mudstone mineral particles change from rough surface to smooth surface before and after laser radiation. The tensile strength of saturated mudstone samples is significantly improved after laser radiation.

Improvement of complex mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations, when handling solid household waste

Nurlan Tastemir — 2024-03-29

The relevance of this article is that, nowadays, waste generation has become a global problem. In the recent past, population growth has noticeably increased the rate of waste generation, and its disposal and management are a serious environmental problem worldwide. Waste management is understood as a set of measures for collection, sorting, transportation, with the use of effective complex mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations. The purpose of this article is to study the most modern methods of complex mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations during the collection, sorting and transportation of solid waste. The best method to study this problem is the analysis method, it makes it possible to explore the maximum number of sources to provide the best results. The article examines the latest achievements in this field, such as automation methods, geographic information system and GPS, remote sensing, system engineering methods, the pneumatic waste transportation system most used in developed countries, and also proposes a model of a new garbage chute for multi-storey, high-rise residential and public buildings. The analysis showed that GPS applications were mainly used to track garbage cans and garbage collection vehicles to monitor the time and place of collection. GPS and GIS methods work better together than separately. And the pneumatic waste transportation system has a number of significant drawbacks that can be corrected by using a new model of a garbage chute for multi-storey, high-rise residential and public buildings.

Use of ceramic materials in cylinder piston groups

Dauren Kushaliev — 2024-03-29

This article talks about the use of ceramic materials to increase the efficiency and wear resistance of the internal combustion engine design. The use of ceramic materials is due to their high resistance to temperature factors, as well as a reduced coefficient of friction. More suitable materials to use are silicon carbides and nitrides. The raw materials for their production are substances widespread in nature: quartz sand, feldspar and kaolin. manufacturing parts of the required shape from them by hot pressing or sintering of the base material using binders. The technique of liquid stamping with ceramic inserts refers to the production of composite parts in metallurgical engineering using the methods of casting, cold casting, casting with crystallization under pressure, as well as thixocasting and thixo-stamping. The tool has a prefabricated metal-ceramic insert.

Practical analysis of master plan implementation (on the example of Baitursynov street section in Astana city)

Arslan Arslan — 2024-03-29

In this study the authors research urban planning problems of Astana city on the basis of project documents, conduct field survey of the city territory. Non-compliance with legislative and regulatory requirements, as well as discrepancy of design solutions of general and detailed planning plans have led to a number of problems and negative consequences in the urban environment. As a result of the analysis of urban planning documents their architectural deficiencies are identified and the reasons for their formation are established. At the same time, all the identified problems worsen the degree of social comfort in the residential environment. The architectural schematicity and non-constancy of the project of detailed planning allows for individual point developments to edit the primary urban planning decisions. These include the number of storeys and configuration of the residential complex, the functional affiliation of the site, the development of their own transport schemes, and so forth. On the example of visual-natural inspection of Baitursynov Street in Astana city violations of normative and socio-organizational requirements were revealed. The article analyzes the relationship of the hierarchy of urban planning projects - general plan, dative planning plan and point development with urban planning norms in the city of Astana. The authors made a field survey of the site in question, which showed that the economic component of the issue led to the formation of urban environment.

Organizing passenger flows at the station complex

Beibarys Muratbekov — 2024-03-29

This article considers the issue of optimizing passenger traffic at the station complex in modern conditions. The experience and scientific research of foreign scientists from China, Japan and Russia have been studied. Four different ways of organising passengers are discussed, with the most promising and working method revealed to be a comprehensive change in the train schedule and dynamic routing of passengers with absolute blocking. A forecast model in its turn depends on verifiable information, can more or less produce anticipated approaching volume of people, but it appears to be compelling when there are celebrations or understudy occasions. Whereas building a modern stage with a reason of facilitating an exchanging section does relieve the circumstance at the station and security measures considerably. Lastly, the most issue of serving traveler amid the COVID-19 pandemic were taking off strategy from stations and arrangement of travelers to sit separated at a certain distance for shirking of cleansing. In this master’s proposal, the procedures to handle and gauge traveler stream have been regarded, but activities need to be made amid breakdown of trains have not been surveyed.

Macrostructure of hardened chisel opener with silicon-manganese-chromium based cladding

Dinara Kossatbekova — 2024-03-29

The study relevance is due to the fact that the wear of the working bodies of seeding machines leads to increased fuel consumption, deterioration of the quality of seed placement, and reduced yields. In this regard, this article is aimed at studying the condition of hardened working parts of the experimental grain-fertilizer-grass seeder. Based on the results of information search, the following hardening methods were adopted: electric arc cladding with hard-alloy electrodes and sormite; heating of the chisels by HFC quenching. Samples of experimental bits of coulter bits of a grain and grass seeder made of 65G steel were used for research. The state of worn surface layers of chisels was studied by ultrasonic flaw detector. Research has allowed to establish that among hardened samples the smallest equivalent area of wear has the sample, hardened full working surface by cladding with electrodes T590, and also according to the results of field experiments this sample had the greatest resistance to abrasive impact. On the basis of these results as the most rational method of chisel hardening for production conditions in agricultural enterprises it is recommended to replace the typical factory heat treatment with cladding of the full working part of chisel.

Criteria equation for optimizing operating modes of a filter centrifuge

Madina Shayakhmetova — 2024-03-29

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, one of the priority areas for the development of medium and small enterprises is the introduction of waste-free processing of raw materials. These industries include medium and small meat processing enterprises. In improving the waste-free technology of meat products, the production of dry feed is in high demand due to the high nutritional value of the latter, which often surpasses other feed products. In the production of dry animal feed, the centrifugation process is used to separate the fat from the flakes. The use of the centrifugation process in the separation of fat from the pulp leads to the fact that the quality of the fat released is significantly higher than in the pressing and extraction processes.

Taking into account the needs of the development of meat processing production, it is of great importance to improve the separation process of liquid heterogeneous systems on centrifugal equipment, which provides for a reduction in the specific energy consumption of equipment and its own opportunities to increase production volumes.

New methods of train traffic control

Aiman Aitkhozhina — 2024-03-29

This article is written about a new concept of train traffic control. A topic of significant relevance in the field of organisational and safety aspects of train traffic.

The existing system of train traffic control is based on the principles of application of field devices railway automation, and depending on their state driver provides movement or stopping of the train. Also on the monitoring panels, which are located in the control center, describes the state of floor devices, by them train dispatcher keeps track only the approximate location of the train.

ETCS is based on the idea of continuous monitoring of the transport process using a combination of various technical means, thereby achieving a safe reduction in the transit interval, which means an increase in throughput. The ETCS is based on determining the location of the train, calculating the distance between trains, controlling the maximum permissible speed on the section, calculating the braking curve (depending on the speed over the distance traveled), comparing route data with the technical characteristics of the train.

The requirements for ETCS devices are strict parameters of the accuracy of the navigation system: the error in determining the location of the eurobalance should not exceed ± 1 m, and the error of the odometers should not exceed ± 5% of the distance traveled.

A review of the use of ureolytic bacteria in the process of biocementation of soils

Жанар Кусбергенова — 2024-03-29

Today, various methods are used to improve the properties of soils, but scientists are constantly searching for an alternative technique that can improve the condition of the soil with minimal disturbance to the ecology, reducing the negative impact on the ecosystem and preserving it. Biocementation carried out by various microorganisms under given conditions fulfils all these requirements. This paper gives an overview of the proposed biocementation methods using bacteria capable of producing urease by microbially induced carbonate precipitation. Although numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated the success of the biocementation process as an environmentally friendly construction method, the application of this strategy in practice and in the field is still an unsolved problem. This is due to two main difficulties: firstly, biocementation is a complex phenomenon depending on many factors, and secondly, different types of microorganisms and different conditions have been considered in the scientific literature, resulting in a diversity of results. The presented work allows us to explore recent advances in the application of the widely used bacteria Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides. The work also identifies directions for future research to expand the application of this method.

Study of the efficiency of career dump trucks in difficult high-altitude conditions

Галымжан Саменов — 2024-03-29

The features of operation of mine dump trucks in high-altitude conditions when transporting coal over a long distance are considered. The calculation of options for solving the problem of coal transportation was carried out and optimal options were proposed for the implementation of the established transportation plan. If you reconstruct all bridge structures, ensure constant maintenance, timely cleaning of road sections from snow, fill the road with special binding materials during the ice season, and conduct irrigation in the summer, then 1 million tons of coal per year can be technologically transported along this road.

Determination of metal fatigue of a tower crane using software

Auyezkhan Tulekov — 2024-03-29

This article discusses the application of the finite element method (FEM) to assess the fatigue life of steel structures of tower cranes. By understanding the detrimental effects of cyclic loading, the finite element method allows engineers to model and analyze stress distribution, predict fatigue life, and optimize structures. The article describes the key stages, from structural modeling to stress analysis and fatigue life forecasting, and emphasizes the importance of these methods to improve the safety and reliability of tower cranes. This comprehensive approach is an example of integrating advanced engineering techniques to ensure the durability and reliability of critical construction equipment.

The use of innovative materials for the development of tower cranes

Auyezkhan Tulekov — 2024-03-29

This article provides a comparative analysis of classical steel and composite materials, explores their respective properties and applications in the context of the development of tower cranes. The combination of these materials takes into account factors such as strength, weight, cost and durability, reflecting the multifaceted decision-making process that shapes the choice of materials in the construction industry.

Tower cranes, an integral part of the construction industry, have traditionally been made of classic steel because of its strength. However, the advent of composite materials challenges this norm, promising high strength and lower weight. FEM analysis is used to model and analyze the structural behavior of these materials under various conditions, providing a comprehensive understanding of stress distribution, strain patterns, and overall integrity. The article examines such important factors as the strength-to-weight ratio, dynamic load and economic efficiency, which ultimately provides valuable information for making informed decisions in the field of design and construction of tower cranes. This comprehensive understanding facilitates a detailed comparison of these materials in terms of their design characteristics, shedding light on their respective advantages and limitations.

In fact, the purpose of this article is to give engineers, decision makers, and industry professionals a comprehensive understanding of the structural intricacies and dynamic behavior of classical steel and composite materials in the context of tower crane development. Using computer modeling, the study provides valuable information for strategic decision-making, paving the way for the advancement of efficient, reliable and sustainable tower crane technologies in the construction industry.

Study of wear and durability of gear cuttering tools

Gulerke Tattimbek — 2024-03-29

This article presents research findings on the wear of gear cutting tools. The purpose of the scientific research is to identify the causes of wear of gear cutting tools, as well as to develop a method for processing the cavities of gear teeth and the design of a special tool for its implementation. A review of scientific works on the study of wear of gear cutting tools has been carried out and factors influencing the intensity of wear have been identified. It was revealed that one of the main factors influencing the wear of a gear cutting tool is the module of the gear being processed and as it increases, the wear of the tool increases accordingly. This is especially the case in the manufacture of large-module cylindrical gears, in particular in the process of machining tooth cavities. At which the intensity of tool wear increases, the accuracy and productivity of processing decreases, and the cost of the operation increases. This state of the process is primarily due to the need to remove a large volume of metal from the cavities of the gear wheel.

To solve this problem, a new resource-saving method of thermal friction processing of tooth cavities of large-module cylindrical gears is proposed. Designs of modular friction disk mills have been developed for processing the tooth cavities of cylindrical gears using thermal friction milling and thermal friction milling with pulse cooling. Prototypes of a smooth modular friction disk mill and special equipment for mounting it on a screw-cutting lathe were manufactured.

Web-Integration

Arsen Arysbaev — 2024-03-29

This article discusses the key aspects of WEB integration, its types and approaches, as well as their advantages from a technical and business point of view. The question of the relevance and role of WEB integration and WEB services in modern times, as well as their advantages. Two main types of integration are analyzed. The positive aspects and advantages of WEB integration from a business perspective are substantiated and listed. The main approaches that are used for WEB-integration are analyzed: integration at the presentation level, integration at the functionality level, integration at the data level and integrated integration. The situations and applications of each of the above types of WEB integration are described, as well as the possibilities they provide for various situations. The analysis and comparison of the main types of WEB integration is carried out and examples based on the integration of social networks are given, namely, the integration of social networks on the site, which is one of the most effective ways of integration in order to expand audience coverage, simplify and interact with the user. The following examples of integrating social networks into a website are considered: adding “Share” and “Like” buttons to enable users to respond to and share other users’ content; the embedding of social media content, which makes it possible to embed posts from social networks directly on the site; using the API to obtain user data. The results of the research and conclusions on the relevance of WEB integration and its role in the modern world are presented.