Morphological analysis of the working bodies of earthmoving machines and mathematical modeling of the dynamics of movement

Abstract

This article considers the scientific and methodological foundations of improving new types of earthmoving machines and working bodies, which are widely used in the road and construction industries. The rapid growth of construction volumes in Kazakhstan creates the need to mechanize earthmoving processes and increase their efficiency. The relevance of earthmoving machines is based on their widespread use in various industries related to the construction of roads, transport, water management, hydraulic, industrial, civil, and agricultural facilities. For this purpose, morphological analysis of the working bodies of earthmoving machines and methods for mathematical modeling of their movement were proposed.

During the study, a classification was carried out by soil destruction methods, working environment, transportation methods, work cycle, and types of attachment to the base machine, and the diversity of hypothetical structures of working bodies was identified. Based on the morphological tree, 484 possible working body variants were obtained. Four mathematical blocks of the movement of working bodies in different environmental conditions were developed, and the forces of resistance to cutting and transportation were taken into account.

The developed models allow to reduce energy consumption of the excavation process, optimize the transmission power and rotation frequency, as well as reducing the specific energy consumption of machines. The obtained results are of practical importance in the design and improvement of road construction equipment.