The methodology of experimental studies of the excavator working tool aimed at improving the efficiency of excavation in hydraulic engineering

Abstract

The article provides a methodology of experimental studies of the working tool of an excavator, aimed at improving the efficiency of earthworks in hydraulic engineering construction. Based on a priori information and research experiments, the program and methodology of research are defined, the factors themselves, their levels and intervals of variable factors, The planning and processing matrices of physical modelling experiments and field studies have been created.

For laboratory studies, an existing ground channel is used. For future extensive studies, a new annular ground channel with an extended range of cinematic and technological parameters and stands for the physical simulation of new working organs and their elements have been created. New working organ models with scale justification, special tensometric trolley, tensometric links for measuring the parameters of physical modelling processes, tensofingers - for studying the real samples of working organs, field equipment and machines.

The results of experiments with a bucket on a physical modelling stand allowed to obtain graphical dependence of energy intensity E of the digging process with self-changing shape of the edge in the function of ground supply S, the pre-compression force of the spring Fpr, depth of dig h and cutting speed vr. The minimum optimization performed for this bucket showed that the greatest efficiency in terms of energy consumption of digging the soil can be achieved with the following values of variable factors: feed of soil S = 5 mm; depth of digging h = 0.3... 0.5 m; cutting speed v_p=0.13... 0.17 m/s and spring pre-compression force F=30...50 N.