New energy-efficient materials for construction
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2023-145-4-175-187Keywords:
Concrete, Heat Transfer, Thermal Insulation, Porosity, Temperature, Hardening, Thermal Conductivity, Air Conditioning, Energy ConservationAbstract
Today in the world there is a huge amount of energy-efficient materials and products, including internal and external load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings, which allow solving problems of energy saving in the operation of various buildings and structures. However, such materials do not always have high strength, as well as physical and mechanical properties for use in load-bearing parts of a large building. In this regard, the urgent tasks of developing energy-efficient structures and products are increasing strength, reducing thermal conductivity, increasing weather resistance and moisture resistance, as well as reducing cost.
As a result of comprehensive research, the authors have developed new cellular concretes with high strength characteristics, low thermal conductivity and low cost based on local raw materials and waste. This approach leads to a significant reduction in energy and resource consumption and promotes the introduction of environmentally friendly production methods while maintaining high product quality standards.
Experimental studies were carried out in a specially designed laboratory chamber. This installation ensured uniform temperature control inside the chamber, as well as uniform temperature distribution throughout the entire thickness of the products. This was achieved through a rational combination of energy sources used.
The article presents the results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete and the structural features of the material. The production of high-quality products became possible thanks to a combination of mild heat treatment conditions and the exothermic properties of cement. In addition, the impact of additional electrical energy at a minimum consumption (10-20 kWh/m3) on the hardening process of foam concrete is characterized by a periodic and short-term effect. In contrast, traditional heat treatment methods require significantly higher energy consumption - from 80 to 100 kWh/m3.
The results of X-ray and electron microscopy studies confirmed that the developed energy-efficient materials have high physical and mechanical properties and low cost.
