Сomparative analysis of pressure distribution of compression piston rings in an internal combustion engine cylinder

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of the specific pressure exerted on the cylinder wall by a traditional compression piston ring and an alternative design consisting of two half-rings. The study focuses on the theoretical aspects of the formation and distribution of contact pressure between the piston ring and the cylinder wall. Mathematical models describing the stress-strain state of the ring when installed in the cylinder are provided, along with a simplified
approach to calculating pressure for the two half-ring design without considering material elasticity. The calculations revealed that the traditional solid ring produces a non-uniform pressure diagram with peak values, which may contribute to accelerated wear of cylinder-piston
group (CPG) components. In contrast, the pressure distribution generated by the two half-ring configuration is uniform, ensuring consistent load on the cylinder wall and reducing localized overloads, friction, and thermal deformations. The graphical dependencies and Fourier series approximations confirm the model’s agreement with real-world operating conditions. The paper also offers recommendations for selecting ring materials and geometric parameters to improve combustion chamber sealing and extend engine life. The authors emphasize that the implementation of a two half-ring configuration represents a promising direction for the modernization of piston rings in internal combustion engines, particularly under conditions of
increased temperature and mechanical stress. The findings of this study may be of interest to engineers, researchers, and developers involved in the design and analysis of CPG components.